کنگره بین المللی زیست فناوری گیاهان دارویی و قارچ های کوهی

صفحه اصلی / چهارمین کنگره بین المللی و پنجمین همایش ملی زیست فناوری گیاهان دارویی و قارچ های کوهی

Geographical distribution of Violaceae in Iran focusing on new research on medicinal Viola sp.

نویسندگان :

Ali Ammarellou¹ Valiallah Mozaffareian²

1- دانشگاه زنجان 2- موسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور

کلمات کلیدی :

Medicinal plants،violaceae

چکیده :

The Violaceae comprises 806-1000 predominately tropical and temperate species in 25 currently recognized genera. Viola section is one of the largest groups of the Violaceae family. Infra generic classification has varied, but recent phylogenetic analysis indicates that the genus can be subdivided into two subgenera and 16 sections worldwide. Five sections belonging to subgenus Viola are present in Iran: Section Melanium Ging., Section Plagiostigma Godr.,Section Viola, Section Sclerosium W. Becker, and the section 'Spathulidium' . Violet family is one of the small plant family in Iran with a genus of Viola and species diverse between 14 to 22 species, based on different Floras and other neighboring country Floras, here we refer to a list of which is given together with Scientific, English, Persian names with English letters, Type locality and its habitat of each species in Iran. In this article, we described the geographical distribution of the genera of Violaceae in Iran by provincial habitats and with a complete list of species and also endemic species of violets in Iran. Only Viola spathulata is endemic in Iran and type locality of V. alba is from Iran. Hot points of violet distribution are northern Iran in Gorgan, Mazandaran, Gilan provinces and Arasbaran district. Only V. modesta and V. occulta have more wide distribution than other species. Only V. occulta and V. pachyrrhiza penetrate to central part of Iran and V. odorata, V. occulta and V. pachyrrhiza in Zagrosian mountains, Viola cinerea and its Synonymous just growing in South of Iran, and only V. Sieheana penetrate to north Khorasan. Contrary to popular belief a few species of Viola as: V. alba, V. modesta, V. occulta, V. odorata, V. pachyrrhiza, V. rupestris, V. sieheana, V. somchetica, V. spathulata and V. suavis growing up to above the timberline and sometimes in the high mountains. In the final part of this research we described and introduced the first Live Collection of Iranian Viola sp. (LCIV) site and its future programs for develop the critical information and knowledge for Iranian Violet ecotypes based on controlled greenhouse and field conditions in University of Zanjan.